全世界 从A到Z- 美国德克萨斯州麻疹爆发 Measles Outbreak
The olive ridley sea turtle is distinguished by its olive green shell.
橄榄绿海龟以其橄榄绿色的甲壳而著称。
Different conservation groups list it as either a vulnerable or endangered species because its population is decreasing.
不同的保护组织将其列为易危或濒危物种，因为其种群数量正在减少。
But you might not think that based on the record number of these reptiles that recently descended on a beach in eastern India.
然而，基于这些爬行动物最近在印度东部一片海滩上创纪录的数量，你可能不会这么认为。
Scientists say the turtles are in the midst of their annual nesting season, but never before have researchers counted more than 700,000 olive ridleys doing this in one place.
科学家表示， 这些海龟正处于它们一年一度的筑巢季节，但在此之前， 研究人员从未在一个地方记录到超过70万只绿蠵龟同时进行这一行为。
Officials have fenced off the area where the turtles are to help protect them.
官员们已将海龟所在区域围起来，以帮助保护它们。
And females will lay over 100 eggs in the holes they dig.
雌龟会在它们挖的洞里产下超过100枚卵。
And in about a month and a half, at night, those eggs will hatch and the babies will scamper to the sea.
大约一个半月后， 在夜晚，这些蛋将会孵化， 小海龟们会迅速爬向大海。
One wildlife photographer says this is one of the biggest nesting colonies in the world, and the conservationists feel lucky to have it in India, on the northwestern coast of the Bay of Bengal.
一位野生动物摄影师表示，这是全球最大的筑巢群体之一，保育人士庆幸印度能在孟加拉湾西北海岸拥有这一宝贵资源。
With a facts-first, nonpartisan approach to news and features, this is the world from A to Z. I'm Carl Azuz, thankful to be your host, thankful to have you watching.
秉持事实优先、无党派倾向的新闻与专题报道原则，这里是《从A到Z的世界》。 我是卡尔·阿祖兹，感谢担任您的主持人， 也感谢您的收看。
American health officials are working to track and stop a measles outbreak that's infected dozens of people in Texas and New Mexico.
美国卫生官员正努力追踪并阻止一场麻疹疫情的蔓延，该疫情已在德克萨斯州和新墨西哥州感染了数十人。
When we produced this show, the total number of cases was approaching 100, mostly in Texas.
在我们制作这期节目时，病例总数已接近100例，主要集中在德克萨斯州。
Authorities believe it started in late January.
当局认为疫情始于一月下旬。
Measles is a highly contagious virus.
麻疹是一种高度传染性的病毒。
It can be spread by coughing, sneezing, even talking.
它可通过咳嗽、打喷嚏甚至交谈传播。
It primarily affects children like chickenpox.
它主要影响儿童，就像水痘一样。
Common measles symptoms include fever, runny nose, sore throat and distinct red blotches that can appear from the face down to the feet.
常见麻疹症状包括发热、流鼻涕、喉咙痛以及从面部延伸至足部的明显红疹。
The vast majority of people who get the disease survive it.
绝大多数感染该病的人都能康复。
Health officials estimate the survival rate is between 99.7 percent and 99.9 percent.
卫生官员估计，存活率在99.7%到99.9%之间。
However, a significant percentage, as high as 25 percent with measles, are hospitalized.
然而，相当大比例的患者，最高可达麻疹病例的25%，需要住院治疗。
It's too early to know how this outbreak will compare to others.
现在判断这次疫情与其他疫情相比如何还为时过早。
There are typically anywhere from a few dozen to a few hundred measles cases annually in the U.S. Before 1963, when a measles vaccine was developed, the country saw several million cases yearly.
在美国， 通常每年会有几十到几百例麻疹病例。而在1963年麻疹疫苗问世之前，美国每年都有数百万例病例。
That's why health officials credit the vaccine with nearly eliminating the virus in America, though at least five of the cases in the current Texas outbreak were among people who'd been vaccinated.
这就是为什么卫生官员将疫苗归功于几乎在美国消灭了该病毒，尽管在当前得克萨斯州疫情中至少有五例病例发生在已接种疫苗的人群中。
More confirmed cases are expected in the days ahead, and officials have opened up new testing centers to keep track of the outbreak.
预计未来几天内将出现更多确诊病例，为此， 官员们已开设新的检测中心， 以密切监控此次疫情。
Aside from the vaccine, experts say prevention tips are similar to those for the flu.
除了疫苗，专家表示预防措施与流感相似。
Regularly washing hands, keeping a good diet, avoiding contact with people who are sick, covering coughs and sneezes, and staying home if you're sick.
定期洗手， 保持均衡饮食，避免接触病人，咳嗽和打喷嚏时遮掩口鼻， 以及生病时留在家中。
World of knowledge.
知识的世界。
Which of these things was invented first?
这些事物中，哪一项是最先发明的？
Debit card, compact disc, Rubik's cube, space shuttle?
借记卡、光盘、魔方、航天飞机？
Established by a pilot program in the late 1960s, before any of these other options was available, was the debit card.
20世纪60年代末， 通过一项试点计划率先推出，那时上述其他选项均未问世，这便是借记卡的诞生。
To debit or credit?
借记还是贷记？
That's the question.
这是个问题。
I think it just depends on your relationship with money and your budget, whether or not you're in debt.
我认为这主要取决于你与金钱的关系以及你的预算，是否负债也在考虑之列。
A debit card can come in handy if you prefer to pay with cash or don't want to overspend, such as when you want to avoid interest charges, when you need cash from an ATM, and a big one, when you're trying to stay out of debt as a debit card will only let you spend money you already have.
借记卡在以下情况下会非常方便：如果你偏好用现金支付，或者不想超支，比如当你想避免支付利息、需要从自动取款机取现，以及一个重要的情况——当你试图避免负债时，因为借记卡只会允许你花费已有的资金。
It's like the cash stuffing method, where if you only put cash in envelopes and you're only allowed to spend that cash, that's the essential equivalent of using a debit card.
这就像现金封存法， 如果你只在信封里放入现金， 并且只允许花费这些现金，这实质上就等同于使用借记卡。
Credit cards, on the other hand, are more flexible, allowing you to borrow money to make purchases.
另一方面，信用卡更为灵活，允许你借款购物。
They're also useful for earning rewards and points, building your credit score, shopping online with fraud protections debit cards may not have, and booking hotels or rental cars, which may require security deposits.
它们还适用于赚取奖励积分、提升信用评分、在具备防欺诈保护的网上购物（这是借记卡可能不具备的），以及预订酒店或租车服务，这些服务可能需要押金。
If you have a credit card, that hold only goes on your line of credit.
如果你持有信用卡，这笔预授权只会占用你的信用额度。
If you're using a debit card, that means you have to already have that deposit amount in your account.
若使用借记卡，意味着你的账户中必须已有该存款金额。
So what's the bottom line?
那么，关键是什么呢？
Know your spending habits and what you want out of each card.
了解你的消费习惯以及每张卡能为你带来的利益。
Until 1862, gold and silver coins were the only currency in the United States.
直到1862年，黄金和白银硬币是美国唯一的货币形式。
But after the Civil War broke out in 1861, the Union soon saw a shortage of these coins, so the Legal Tender Act, passed on February 25, 1862, authorized paper currency, then called greenbacks.
然而，随着1861年南北战争的爆发，联邦政府很快面临这些硬币的短缺，因此，1862年2月25日通过的《法定货币法》授权发行纸币，当时被称为“绿背”。
It was a federal and financial change for the country.
这对国家而言是一次联邦与财政的变革。
On this date in 1951, the first Pan American Games kicked off in Argentina.
1951年的这一天，首届泛美运动会在阿根廷拉开帷幕。
The event is essentially the Olympics for all the nations in North and South America.
该赛事实质上是面向南北美洲所有国家的奥运会。
More than 2,500 athletes competed in the first Pan Am Games.
首屆泛美运动会上，超过2,500名运动员参与了角逐。
Today, they involve more than 6,000 competitors from dozens of countries.
如今，这些赛事汇聚了来自数十个国家的6000多名参赛者。
On this date in 1986, a major change came for the Philippines during large-scale protests known as the People Power Revolution or February Revolution.
1986年的这一天，菲律宾在被称为人民力量革命或二月革命的大规模抗议中迎来了重大变革。
President Ferdinand Marcos, a dictator who had ruled the nation for 20 years, resigned, and the nonviolent revolution led to the return of democracy to the Philippines and the election of its first female president.
独裁者费迪南德·马科斯总统在统治国家20年后辞职，这场非暴力革命导致菲律宾民主的回归， 并选举出了该国首位女总统。
Where in the world?
全球何处？
This is a European country that has no official date of independence.
这是一个没有官方独立日的欧洲国家。
It has overseas territories in the Caribbean, Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
它在加勒比海、大西洋、太平洋和印度洋拥有海外领地。
Its government type is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy, though that monarchy is mostly ceremonial.
其政府类型为议会制君主立宪制，尽管君主的角色主要是象征性的。
This is the United Kingdom, or Britain, a nation of more than 68 million people.
这是联合王国，亦称英国，一个拥有超过6800万人口的国家。
The infamous Tower of London.
臭名昭著的伦敦塔。
Once a prison for enemies of the crown, now a historic landmark and home.
曾为王权敌人的牢狱，今已转变为历史地标与居所。
Ravens have lived at the tower for centuries, and that's by design.
乌鸦已在塔中栖息了数百年，这并非偶然，而是有意为之。
It's believed King Charles II was the first to insist that the ravens living in the tower be protected, because of a superstition.
据信， 查理二世国王是首位坚持要保护塔内渡鸦的人，这源于一种迷信。
It foretold that if less than six ravens lived in the tower, it would come crashing down, and the kingdom would fall with it.
它预言如果塔内少于六只乌鸦，塔就会倒塌， 王国也会随之覆灭。
Tower guards, called yeoman warders, have been responsible for keeping the birds content with living at the tower for centuries.
塔卫， 即被称为皇家禁卫的守卫，几个世纪以来一直负责确保这些鸟儿对栖居塔内感到满意。
It's a task that's still taken very seriously today.
这是一项至今仍被认真对待的任务。
In the 1960s, a raven master was appointed to lead the yeoman.
20世纪60年代，任命了一位渡鸦大师来领导侍从。
Michael Chandler is the sixth raven master ever.
迈克尔·钱德勒是有史以来第六位渡鸦大师。
When Chandler initially joined the tower guard, he had no interest in becoming a raven master.
当钱德勒最初加入塔楼守卫时，他对成为渡鸦大师并无兴趣。
But the sleek black birds won him over.
但这些乌黑油亮的鸟儿征服了他。
I love the ravens.
我喜欢乌鸦。
I love working with them.
我喜欢与它们共事。
I love everything about them.
我对它们的一切都爱不释手。
Now, Chandler happily cares for the ravens, feeding them a mixture of chicken and mouse, cleaning their cages.
如今， 钱德勒愉快地照料着这些乌鸦，喂它们鸡肉和老鼠的混合食物，并清洁它们的笼子。
At night, he beds them down in cages to keep them safe, but otherwise, the birds fly free.
夜晚，他将乌鸦安置在笼中以确保它们的安全，但在其他时间里，这些鸟儿则自由翱翔。
They're let out at first light in the morning.
清晨天刚亮时，它们就被放飞出去。
They'll do their stuff.
它们会完成自己的任务。
They just go.
他们就这样行动了。
We don't monitor.
我们不进行监控。
We monitor them, but we don't control them in any way.
我们监控它们，但绝不以任何方式控制它们。
The tower is currently home to seven ravens, one more than the legend calls for.
塔内目前栖息着七只渡鸦，比传说中要求的数量多了一只。
Jubilee, Harris, Poppy, Georgie, Edgar, Branwyn, and the most recent arrival, Rex, each with their own unique personalities.
Jubilee、Harris、Poppy、Georgie、Edgar、Branwyn，以及最新加入的Rex，每只乌鸦都拥有自己独特的个性。
Ravens are similar to us in many senses, but more so they're individuals, they're characters, just like us.
渡鸦在许多方面与我们相似，但更重要的是， 它们都是独立的个体， 拥有鲜明的个性，正如我们人类一样。
Some don't get on with others, others are more introvert, others are more mischievous, and for me that's part of the draw to the job.
有些乌鸦与其他乌鸦相处不来， 有些则更内向， 还有些更为淘气，对我而言，这种多样性正是这份工作的吸引力之一。
Today, few people actually believe that ravens are needed for England to endure, but tradition is a powerful fixture of culture, especially in a historic place like the Tower of London.
如今， 鲜有人真正相信英格兰的存续需要渡鸦，但传统是文化中根深蒂固的一部分，尤其在像伦敦塔这样历史悠久的地方。
So Chandler and his team are doing their best to keep this tradition, odd as it may seem, alive.
因此，钱德勒和他的团队正竭尽全力维持这一传统，尽管它看似奇特，却依然鲜活。
The European nation of Montenegro is first on today's World of Viewers.
今天的“世界观察”栏目首先聚焦欧洲国家黑山。
We warmly welcome Mrs. Benningo's class there at QSI International School, Montenegro.
我们热烈欢迎贝宁戈女士在黑山的QSI国际学校的班级。
It's in the nation's capital, Podgorica.
它位于该国首都波德戈里察。
Stateside in Georgia, we see the rams of Arabia Mountain High School.
在乔治亚州的美国本土，我们看到了阿拉比亚山高中的公羊队。
Hello to Dr. Ferguson's class watching from Lithonia in the Peach State.
向来自桃州利索尼亚的弗格森博士的班级问好。
And in the Centennial State of Colorado, the Cougars are on the prowl at Creighton Middle School.
在科罗拉多州这个百年州，克赖顿中学的猎豹们正在四处搜寻。
Great to see Mr. Tomar's or Tomar's class in Lakewood.
很高兴在莱克伍德见到汤玛先生或汤玛先生的班级。
Before we dip out, we're going to dip in to an event in France that became a crowning achievement.
在我们离开之前，我们将回顾法国发生的一场盛事，它堪称巅峰之作。
Or should we say achievement?
或者我们该称之为壮举？
Because more than 5,000 people turned out recently to see if cellar masters could set a record for the world's largest cheese fondue.
因为最近有超过5000人到场，想看看酒窖师傅们能否创下世界最大奶酪火锅的新纪录。
The previous high mark for this, yes, someone did it before, was set in Switzerland.
此前的最高纪录，没错，之前确实有人做到过，是在瑞士创下的。
But for the new record, makers stirred up more than 70 cubic feet of queso weighing more than 4,800 pounds.
然而，为了刷新纪录，制作者们搅拌出了超过70立方英尺、重达4800多磅的奶酪。
There must be fro-magic in the air when it comes to fro-mastering the fondues and don'ts of all the El Emmentals of cheddar people will treasure.
在掌握人们珍视的切达干酪元素的火锅技巧与禁忌时，空气中必定弥漫着某种神奇的魔力。
It's a stirring fateful fate.
这是一个令人激动的命运。
a Haparty of Havarti, when you breed together a gorgonzalotta folks to camembert an old record and give Roquefort taste of all the gouda things to come.
这是一场哈瓦蒂奶酪的盛宴，当你将戈贡佐拉奶酪的族群与卡芒贝尔奶酪的古老记录交融，赋予罗克福奶酪对未来所有美好事物的品味。
Plus, it shows you know Jack about good cheese.
而且，这表明你对好奶酪一无所知。
I'm Carl Azuz, cutting puns on the world from A to Z, and we hope to see you again Wednesday.
我是卡尔·阿祖兹，从A到Z，妙语连珠，世界尽在掌握，期待周三与您再会。
You mean the world to me.
你对我而言意味着整个世界。
